Call , bind , Apply in OPP

In JavaScript, call, bind, and apply are methods used to manipulate the context (this keyword) of a function. Here's a brief explanation of each with a code example:

call: Calls a function with a given this value and arguments provided individually.

const obj1 = {
  name: 'Alice'
};
 
function greet(greeting) {
  return `${greeting}, ${this.name}!`;
}
 
console.log(greet.call(obj1, 'Hello')); // Output: Hello, Alice!

apply: Calls a function with a given this value and arguments provided as an array.

const obj2 = {
  name: 'Bob'
};
 
function greet(greeting) {
  return `${greeting}, ${this.name}!`;
}
 
console.log(greet.apply(obj2, ['Hi'])); // Output: Hi, Bob!

bind: Creates a new function that, when called, has its this keyword set to the provided value.

const obj3 = {
  name: 'Charlie'
};
 
function greet(greeting) {
  return `${greeting}, ${this.name}!`;
}
 
const boundGreet = greet.bind(obj3);
console.log(boundGreet('Hola')); // Output: Hola, Charlie!

In all examples, the this keyword inside the greet function refers to the respective object (obj1, obj2, or obj3) because it's explicitly specified using call, apply, or bind.

4 Pillers of the Opp Common